I love that you guys question and challenge things.
On Scrum being a good way for junior people to learn "how to be Agile", I think it is actually a very bad approach. The reason is that it embeds thinking in impressionable minds - thinking that is not correct.
It would be far better to begin with questions: Imagine a junior team. Gather them at a whiteboard. Don't make them stand - let them sit, so they can think better. Challenge them with questions. E.g.,
How can we plan our work?
Given that, how can we plan it in a way that we find out early if we are not building the right thing?
Given that, how can we find out early if our technical approach is not viable?
Given that, how can we make sure that we all continously stay in sync?
How can we make sure that we continuously improve?
I.e. have generative conversations.
Intersperse them with your own experiences, stories, and ideas; but challenge those as well:
"What usually worked for me was...but can anyone see how that might fail in some circumstances?"
Make it a conversation. That is so much better than saying,
Here is a process called Scrum. Follows its rules, and once you have become indoctrinated, I will allow you to question the rules and bend them a little.