I don't think the issues have anything to do with the use of low-code tools. The approaches described are all good approaches - but all can and _should_ be used with low-code tools. It seems like no one was in charge of the architecture and development from early on, or they were learning on the job, which is okay, since they apparently kept learning and pivoted to better approaches. But again, I did not read anything that was a result of using low-code tools.